Economic crosscurrents: Tariffs, politics, and the crypto conundrum

Economic crosscurrents: Tariffs, politics, and the crypto conundrum

Lately, the mood among investors worldwide has been pretty cautious. When we talk about global risk sentiment being subdued, it’s akin to saying people are tiptoeing around, unsure about where to invest their money.

They’re not exactly jumping into risky investments with both feet. Why? A significant portion of that hesitation stems from the drama surrounding trade tariffs.

The United States is flexing its muscles with new tariff threats, and the European Union is gearing up to push back. This tug-of-war is causing widespread anxiety, and it’s having a ripple effect on markets in some particularly interesting ways.

Stocks might look shaky if trade wars intensify, bonds could become appealing if people start playing it safe, and then there’s this wild card: cryptocurrencies, bucking the trend and shooting up. It’s a lot to unpack.

Trade tariffs: The US vs EU showdown

At the heart of this uncertainty is a bold move from the US. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent dropped a bombshell, stating that as of August 1, the US plans to impose high tariff rates on imports from various countries. His logic? It’s a pressure tactic. He figures that by increasing the cost of doing business with the US, other nations will rush to the negotiating table with better trade deals. It’s a classic power play: turn up the heat and see who blinks first.

But the European Union isn’t sitting quietly. EU diplomats are hinting that they’re not thrilled with how things are going. The chances of striking a trade deal with the US that everyone can live with are slipping away. So, they’re devising countermeasures, such as retaliatory tariffs or other economic measures.

This isn’t just a little spat. It’s shaping up to be a full-on trade standoff, and the stakes are high. When two economic giants, such as the US and the EU, start squaring off, it rattles global markets. Companies that rely on smooth trade flows get jittery, supply chains could get snagged, and prices for all sorts of goods might climb. That’s the kind of uncertainty that keeps investors up at night.

Bessent’s strategy might work in the short term, but some countries could cave and offer sweeter deals. But it’s a gamble. If the EU digs in and fires back, we could see a spiral of tit-for-tat tariffs that drags down global growth. It’s bold, but it’s risky, and markets hate that kind of unpredictability.

How markets are reacting

Let’s zoom in on what’s happening in the US markets, because they’re giving us some big clues about how investors are feeling. The equity markets wrapped up with a mixed bag. The S&P 500 nudged up by 0.14 per cent, and the NASDAQ climbed 0.38 per cent, thanks to heavy hitters in big tech holding strong.

Meanwhile, the Dow Jones slipped slightly, down 0.04 per cent. What’s that telling us? Tech stocks are still the darlings, shrugging off some of the trade noise, while other sectors, like industrials in the Dow, aren’t feeling as chipper.

Then there’s the bond market. The 10-year US Treasury yield dropped four basis points to 4.38 per cent, and the two-year yield eased 1 basis point to 3.86 per cent. Lower yields mean bond prices are up, and that’s a classic sign of a “flight to safety.” When people are worried, they pile into Treasuries, figuring they’re a safe bet compared to stocks or other riskier investments. It’s like putting your money under the mattress, but with a little interest.

The US Dollar Index also took a hit, falling 0.64 per cent. That’s partly because those sliding Treasury yields make the dollar less attractive. If you’re not earning as much on US bonds, why hold dollars? Gold, on the other hand, jumped 1.3 per cent. That’s no surprise, gold loves a good crisis. When the world feels shaky, people turn to it as a safe haven. Brent crude oil, though, stayed flat at US$69 a barrel. Oil’s holding steady, which suggests energy markets aren’t panicking just yet.

My view here is that we’re seeing a split personality in the markets. Tech stocks are hanging tough, but the rush to bonds and gold shows there’s real unease bubbling underneath. The dollar’s tumble might hint at doubts about the US tariff plan paying off. It’s a messy picture, but it’s fascinating to watch unfold.

Asia steps into the spotlight

Now, let’s hop over to Asia, where Japan’s political scene is adding its flavour to this global stew. Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba got a rough wake-up call when his Liberal Democratic Party and its coalition partner Komeito lost their majority in the Upper House election on July 20. That’s a big deal. Losing control like that shakes up the political landscape.

The USD/JPY exchange rate tanked 0.96 per cent, dropping from a high of 147.08. A weaker dollar against the yen often ties back to uncertainty, and Japan’s political wobbles are stirring the pot.

Ishiba’s sticking to his guns, saying he’ll keep leading despite the loss. But a fractured coalition could mean trouble pushing through policies, especially on the economic front. That uncertainty hit the yen hard, and it’s got traders watching closely. Still, Asian equity markets mostly rose, with Japanese stocks rebounding in a relief rally. It’s like investors are betting that the chaos might not be as bad as it looks, or at least, not yet.

I think Japan’s situation is a wildcard. Political instability could spook markets more if Ishiba can’t steady the ship. But that relief rally suggests some optimism that things won’t fall apart completely. It’s a delicate balance, and it’s worth keeping an eye on.

Bitcoin and crypto: The wild ride

Okay, now let’s talk about the elephant in the room. Bitcoin and the crypto market. While traditional markets are fretting over tariffs and politics, Bitcoin’s on a tear, blasting past its old highs to hit US$118,000. That’s not just a number: it’s a statement.

This surge wiped out over US$1 billion in short positions, meaning many individuals betting against Bitcoin suffered significant losses. The US$100,000 mark was a mental hurdle, and once it broke through, the mood shifted. Profit-takers stepped aside, and buyers with big dreams stepped in, pushing the price higher.

What’s driving this? Part of it ties back to companies like Strategy, run by Michael Saylor. They’re doubling down on Bitcoin, raising US$500 million through preferred equity sales to scoop up more coins. They’re offering Series A Perpetual Stretch preferred stock, worth US$5 million, with a nine per cent dividend, priced at a discount between US$90 and US$95 per share.

It’s a creative move, and it’s paying off. Strategy’s common shares popped 0.4 per cent to $428 after hours, and their recent share increases have raked in US$119 billion, with US$71 billion of that fuelling Bitcoin buys. Saylor’s all-in on this, and it’s boosting confidence in the crypto space.

Other cryptocurrencies are also riding the wave. Ethereum cracked US$3,000, and coins like Solana, XRP, and Binance Coin are up. Even memecoins, which had been quiet, are perking up. Bitcoin’s dominance dipped from 66 per cent to 64.3 per cent, showing altcoins are stealing some of the spotlight. A trader named Bluntz thinks SPX6900 could hit its all-time high soon, which could spark more meme madness.

Bitcoin’s run feels like a rebellion against the gloom in traditional markets. While tariffs and politics spook stocks and bonds, crypto is carving its path. Saylor’s strategy is a big piece of that; his faith in Bitcoin is contagious. I reckon we could see US$250,000 if this momentum holds, similar to what Crypto Twitter’s Cobie predicted. The hard part was getting past US$100,000, and now it’s like the sky’s the limit.

Pulling it all together

So, where does this leave us? Global risk sentiment is downbeat, and it’s easy to see why. The US-EU trade spat is a slow-burning fuse, and Japan’s political hiccup isn’t helping. Markets are reacting in fits and starts; tech stocks are holding up, while bonds and gold serve as safe havens, and the dollar is wobbling. Then there’s Bitcoin, charging ahead like it doesn’t care about any of it.

If the tariff threats turn into a full-blown trade war, we could see more volatility, stocks might stumble, and safe assets could shine. But crypto’s surge suggests some investors are looking beyond that chaos, betting on a future where digital assets outshine the old guard. It’s a bold move, and I’m intrigued by how it’s playing out. Strategy’s Bitcoin grab feels like a vote of confidence, and it might just pay off big.

What do you think? Are you leaning toward the safety of bonds or the wild ride of crypto? Either way, it’s a heck of a time to be watching the markets.

 

 

Source: https://e27.co/economic-crosscurrents-tariffs-politics-and-the-crypto-conundrum-20250722/

Anndy Lian is an early blockchain adopter and experienced serial entrepreneur who is known for his work in the government sector. He is a best selling book author- “NFT: From Zero to Hero” and “Blockchain Revolution 2030”.

Currently, he is appointed as the Chief Digital Advisor at Mongolia Productivity Organization, championing national digitization. Prior to his current appointments, he was the Chairman of BigONE Exchange, a global top 30 ranked crypto spot exchange and was also the Advisory Board Member for Hyundai DAC, the blockchain arm of South Korea’s largest car manufacturer Hyundai Motor Group. Lian played a pivotal role as the Blockchain Advisor for Asian Productivity Organisation (APO), an intergovernmental organization committed to improving productivity in the Asia-Pacific region.

An avid supporter of incubating start-ups, Anndy has also been a private investor for the past eight years. With a growth investment mindset, Anndy strategically demonstrates this in the companies he chooses to be involved with. He believes that what he is doing through blockchain technology currently will revolutionise and redefine traditional businesses. He also believes that the blockchain industry has to be “redecentralised”.

j j j

The surprising link between Bitcoin and global politics

The surprising link between Bitcoin and global politics

The global financial markets are currently navigating a turbulent landscape, heavily influenced by escalating geopolitical tensions in the Middle East. On Friday, global risk sentiment took a noticeable hit following Israel’s attack on Iran, a significant escalation in their longstanding standoff over Tehran’s nuclear program.

This military action, combined with economic data and policy developments, has created a complex environment for investors. From stocks and bonds to currencies, commodities, and cryptocurrencies, each asset class is responding in its own way to these unfolding events.

I aim to unpack how these developments are shaping markets and offer my perspective on what it all means for the global economy.

The Israel-Iran conflict: A catalyst for market volatility

The recent Israeli airstrikes near Tehran and Tabriz have thrust the Israel-Iran conflict back into the spotlight, amplifying global uncertainty. This isn’t a new rivalry—tensions have simmered for decades, largely driven by Israel’s concerns over Iran’s nuclear ambitions, which it perceives as an existential threat.

What makes this moment different is the scale and boldness of Israel’s response. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu called the strikes a “preemptive response” to growing threats, emphasising that operations would persist “for as many days as it takes to remove this threat.” This rhetoric signals a potential for prolonged engagement, raising the spectre of a broader regional conflict that could ensnare allies like the United States or Gulf states.

The implications are profound. A wider conflict could disrupt oil supplies from the Middle East, a critical energy hub, and spike military spending, both of which would ripple through global markets. Investors, understandably jittery, have shifted toward a risk-off stance, favouring safe-haven assets over riskier ones.

The attack came amid stalled diplomatic efforts to curb Iran’s atomic work, further dimming hopes for a peaceful resolution. This escalation marks a pivotal moment—not just for the region but for global stability. The uncertainty it breeds is a textbook trigger for market volatility, and we’re seeing that play out in real time.

US stock markets: Resilience and anticipation

Despite the geopolitical storm brewing, US stock markets managed to close higher on Thursday. The S&P 500 hit its highest level since February 20, climbing 0.38 per cent, while the Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 0.24 per cent and the Nasdaq Composite gained 0.24 per cent. This uptick was driven by softer-than-expected inflation data, which fuelled speculation that the Federal Reserve might lower interest rates if economic growth falters.

Tech giants like Apple, Amazon, and Tesla led the charge, buoyed by optimism about consumer spending and a dovish Fed outlook. It’s a remarkable show of resilience, suggesting that, for a brief moment, economic fundamentals outweighed geopolitical fears.

But that optimism may be short-lived. By Friday, the mood shifted as Asian shares dropped in early trading and US equity index futures hinted at a lower opening. The Israel-Iran conflict is casting a long shadow, and it’s hard to ignore the potential fallout. Defense stocks might see gains if tensions persist, but energy firms could face volatility tied to oil prices, and multinationals with Middle East exposure might struggle.

I see this as a classic case of markets riding a wave of hope—soft inflation and Fed bets—only to crash against the hard reality of geopolitical risk. The anticipated pullback on Friday feels like a correction, not a collapse, but it underscores how fragile investor confidence has become.

Consumer sentiment: A key economic indicator

All eyes are now on Friday’s preliminary June reading of the University of Michigan’s consumer sentiment report, a vital gauge of how Americans feel about their finances and the economy. This survey captures attitudes on personal finances, business conditions, and buying plans—key drivers of economic activity.

A strong reading signals confidence, spurring spending and investment; a weak one hints at caution, potentially slowing growth. With geopolitical tensions flaring and trade policies in flux, this report could either calm or further unsettle markets.

In the current climate, I’d wager we might see a dip in sentiment. The Israel-Iran escalation, coupled with uncertainty over tariffs, could make consumers hesitant. If sentiment falters, it might nudge the Federal Reserve toward a rate cut to bolster the economy, though that depends on how sharply confidence drops.

As someone watching these trends, I think this report will be a litmus test. It’s not just about numbers—it’s about how people perceive their future amid chaos. A significant decline could amplify the risk-off mood, making it a critical piece of the puzzle.

Trade policies: Tariffs and mandates

On the policy front, President Donald Trump’s recent moves are adding another layer of complexity. He’s hinted at imposing higher tariffs on imported cars “in the not-too-distant future,” a step that could reshape the auto industry.

These tariffs would likely raise car prices as foreign manufacturers pass costs to consumers, while straining ties with key exporters like Germany, Japan, and South Korea. Retaliation could follow, escalating trade frictions at an already tense time. Simultaneously, Trump signed a measure blocking California’s electric vehicle (EV) mandate, a blow to the state’s green agenda and a wildcard for the EV market.

These decisions ripple beyond autos. Higher tariffs could dent consumer spending, already under scrutiny via the sentiment report, while the EV mandate block might slow innovation in a sector tied to energy and tech. This as a double-edged sword: Trump’s protectionism might shield some US industries, but it risks isolating the economy globally. The timing—amid Middle East unrest—feels particularly inopportune, amplifying uncertainty when markets crave stability.

Bonds: Flight to safety

In the bond market, US Treasury yields are telling a story of caution. The 2-year yield fell 3 basis points, and the 10-year dropped 5 basis points, as bond prices rose—a clear sign of demand for safety.

When yields dip, it means investors are piling into Treasuries, willing to accept lower returns for the security of government debt. This shift reflects unease over the Israel-Iran conflict and muted inflation gains, which make bonds more appealing than riskier assets.

To me, this is a textbook flight to safety. Geopolitical risks often push investors toward bonds, and the Middle East flare-up fits that pattern perfectly. It’s a signal that, despite Thursday’s stock gains, fear is simmering beneath the surface.

The White House’s trade talks add another twist—uncertain outcomes there could keep bond demand high. For now, Treasuries are a sanctuary, but if tensions ease, we might see yields tick back up.

Currencies: The dollar’s decline

The US Dollar Index slid 0.72 per cent to 97.92, its lowest in three years, reflecting a weaker greenback. This drop ties to expectations of a Fed rate cut—lower rates make the dollar less attractive—and the broader risk-off sentiment.

A cheaper dollar boosts US exports but raises import costs, a dynamic that could stoke inflation if it persists. For global investors, it’s a mixed bag: cheaper US assets might draw interest, but currency fluctuations complicate returns.

Typically, geopolitical crises strengthen the dollar as a safe haven, yet here it’s buckling. That suggests the Fed’s influence and global risk aversion are outweighing traditional patterns. It’s a reminder of how interconnected these factors are—geopolitics, policy, and economics all pulling in different directions.

Commodities: Gold shines, oil slips

Commodities are splitting along predictable lines. Gold surged 1.1 per cent to US$3,387.99 per ounce, cementing its role as a safe-haven star. Middle East tensions are a goldbug’s dream—conflict drives demand for assets that hold value when everything else wavers.

Meanwhile, Brent crude oil dipped 0.59 per cent to US$69.36 per barrel, defying expectations of a spike. Normally, Middle East unrest lifts oil prices due to supply fears, but this drop hints at demand worries—perhaps a slowdown looms if conflict drags on.

Gold’s rally makes sense, but oil’s retreat suggests markets are betting on economic headwinds over supply shocks. It’s a nuanced reaction, and one worth watching if the situation escalates.

Asian shares: Early trading decline

Asian markets kicked off Friday on a sour note, with indices like Japan’s Nikkei 225, China’s Shanghai Composite, and South Korea’s KOSPI sliding. The Middle East’s energy and trade significance hits these economies hard, and the US market’s anticipated dip doesn’t help. It’s a clear echo of the global risk-off vibe—Asia isn’t insulated from this turmoil.

This drop highlights how synchronised global markets have become. What starts in Tehran reverberates in Tokyo, showing the interconnectedness of our financial world.

Cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin’s volatility

Bitcoin took a four per cent hit, falling to US$103,556 after the Israeli strikes, down from a 24-hour high of US$108,500. The broader crypto market followed suit—Ethereum shed 4.5 per cent, XRP lost 3.24 per cent, Solana dropped 4.9 per cent, and Dogecoin slumped 5.9 per cent. This US$3.32 trillion market isn’t immune to risk aversion.

Yet, Bitcoin’s resilience shines through: it’s held above US$100,000 for 30 days, a first even with pullbacks, and inflows into ETFs like iShares Bitcoin Trust (US$12 billion this year) signal growing institutional faith.

I see crypto as a barometer here. Its tumble reflects fear, but its staying power above US$100,000 suggests a maturing asset class. Still, it’s not a haven like gold—volatility remains its hallmark.

Conclusion: Navigating uncertainty

The Israel-Iran conflict has jolted global risk sentiment, pulling markets into a delicate dance of fear and opportunity. Thursday’s stock gains gave way to Friday’s caution, with bonds and gold gaining as stocks and crypto falter. The consumer sentiment report, trade policies, and Fed moves will shape what’s next. 

 

Source: https://e27.co/the-surprising-link-between-bitcoin-and-global-politics-20250613/

Anndy Lian is an early blockchain adopter and experienced serial entrepreneur who is known for his work in the government sector. He is a best selling book author- “NFT: From Zero to Hero” and “Blockchain Revolution 2030”.

Currently, he is appointed as the Chief Digital Advisor at Mongolia Productivity Organization, championing national digitization. Prior to his current appointments, he was the Chairman of BigONE Exchange, a global top 30 ranked crypto spot exchange and was also the Advisory Board Member for Hyundai DAC, the blockchain arm of South Korea’s largest car manufacturer Hyundai Motor Group. Lian played a pivotal role as the Blockchain Advisor for Asian Productivity Organisation (APO), an intergovernmental organization committed to improving productivity in the Asia-Pacific region.

An avid supporter of incubating start-ups, Anndy has also been a private investor for the past eight years. With a growth investment mindset, Anndy strategically demonstrates this in the companies he chooses to be involved with. He believes that what he is doing through blockchain technology currently will revolutionise and redefine traditional businesses. He also believes that the blockchain industry has to be “redecentralised”.

j j j

Crypto and global finance: A dance of optimism, politics, and market volatility

Crypto and global finance: A dance of optimism, politics, and market volatility

Key Points:

– US markets show caution with MSCI US index up just 0.01%, while US Treasury yields at 4.48% after a fifth week of decline, influenced by weaker retail sales.
– Trump’s tariff announcement adds complexity with unclear impacts, prompting EU retaliation threats, yet hopes for negotiation to avoid trade war.
– Japan’s economy remains strong, expanding for three quarters, potentially leading to more rate hikes by the Bank of Japan, affecting global investments.
– Currency and commodity markets react; US Dollar down 0.6%, Gold retreats 1.6%, and Brent crude falls 0.4% amid US geopolitical moves in Ukraine.
– HSCEI surges in Asia, up 4.1% to a two-year high, fueled by tech optimism from China’s AI advancements, signaling growth in tech sectors.
– Crypto politics spotlight after Argentina’s President Milei’s crypto endorsement leads to controversy and potential impeachment, highlighting risks in politically linked cryptocurrencies.

 

My observations on February 17, 2025: The global financial scene is currently walking a tightrope between cautious optimism and palpable tension, reflected in the varied outcomes of US stock markets and a clear decline in US. Treasury yields. This situation has developed amidst crucial economic data and political statements that could steer market trends in the near future.

Starting with the US markets, the MSCI US index barely moved, registering just a +0.01 per cent increase, reflecting a tentative market sentiment. Meanwhile, the yield on the 10-year US Treasury note fell by 2 basis points to end the week at 4.48per cent, marking its fifth consecutive weekly decline, a trend not seen since 2021.

This decline occurred amidst a stark miss in US retail sales, which dropped by 0.9 per cent against expectations of a mere 0.1 per cent decrease. This drop to the lowest level in nearly two years suggests that consumers might have preemptively increased their spending in the last quarter of the previous year, possibly in anticipation of price hikes due to looming tariffs.

The political arena added another layer of complexity with President Trump’s announcement regarding new automobile tariffs set for April 2. The lack of specifics on these tariffs has left markets in suspense, with investors and businesses alike trying to forecast the potential impact on both domestic and global trade dynamics. The response from the European Union was swift, with German Chancellor Scholz indicating a readiness to retaliate against any US tariffs, yet expressing a preference for negotiation to avoid escalating into a full-blown trade war.

Shifting focus to Asia, Japan’s economy showed resilience, expanding for the third consecutive quarter, surpassing expectations. This performance has bolstered expectations that the Bank of Japan might continue its trajectory towards further rate hikes, a move that could influence global investment flows given Japan’s significant role in the world economy.

The currency markets reflected this global uncertainty with the US Dollar Index declining by 0.6 per cent, indicating a softening of the dollar against other major currencies. Gold, often seen as a safe-haven asset, experienced a retreat of 1.6 per cent, perhaps suggesting a nuanced investor response to the current economic indicators and geopolitical developments.

In the oil sector, Brent crude saw a 0.4 per cent decline, influenced by anticipated increases in oil supply from Iraq and Russia, with geopolitical manoeuvres by the US aimed at resolving the conflict in Ukraine potentially impacting future oil prices.

In stock markets, the Hang Seng China Enterprises Index (HSCEI) surged by 4.1 per cent, closing above 8,300, hitting a two-year high driven by optimism in tech stocks following China’s advancements in generative AI. This has implications not only for tech sectors but also for investor sentiment towards emerging technologies and their potential to drive economic growth.

However, amidst these economic and market movements, a peculiar narrative involving cryptocurrency and politics has emerged, particularly with politicians inadvertently or directly linked to what are colloquially known as “rugpulls” or scams in the crypto space. The case of Argentina’s President Javier Milei recommending a little-known cryptocurrency, US$LIBRE, which saw a dramatic rise and then a precipitous fall, has sparked controversy. This incident has led to discussions about impeachment by the opposition, highlighting the perilous intersection of political influence and cryptocurrency markets.

Further investigation by crypto analysts like Bubblemaps has revealed potential connections between the creators of US$LIBRE and other meme coins, including one associated with the US First Lady, Melania Trump, under the ticker #MELANIA. This network of seemingly related cryptocurrencies raises questions about the integrity of these ventures, suggesting a coordinated effort to capitalise on political figures’ names for financial gain. The cautionary advice from these events is clear: the crypto market, especially around meme coins or those endorsed by public figures without substantial backing, remains fraught with risks of manipulation and sudden value drops.

Adding to the crypto narrative, the withdrawal of over US$2.45 billion worth of Ethereum from exchanges within a short span indicates a strong accumulation trend among investors, possibly signalling confidence in Ethereum’s long-term value or a strategic move to reduce supply on trading platforms, which could theoretically lead to price increases due to reduced sell pressure.

In conclusion, the current global financial environment is characterised by a mix of economic data interpretation, political announcements, and the volatile yet intriguing world of cryptocurrencies. Investors are navigating through this landscape with caution, balancing between hopeful economic signals from regions like Japan and the potential disruptions from trade policies and crypto market manipulations.

The advice, particularly in the realm of cryptocurrencies linked to political figures, remains to steer clear of investments that lack solid fundamentals or where the potential for manipulation seems high. This complex interplay of economic data, policy announcements, and emerging digital asset trends underscores the need for thorough research and a cautious investment strategy in these uncertain times.

 

Source: https://e27.co/crypto-and-global-finance-a-dance-of-optimism-politics-and-market-volatility-20250217/

Anndy Lian is an early blockchain adopter and experienced serial entrepreneur who is known for his work in the government sector. He is a best selling book author- “NFT: From Zero to Hero” and “Blockchain Revolution 2030”.

Currently, he is appointed as the Chief Digital Advisor at Mongolia Productivity Organization, championing national digitization. Prior to his current appointments, he was the Chairman of BigONE Exchange, a global top 30 ranked crypto spot exchange and was also the Advisory Board Member for Hyundai DAC, the blockchain arm of South Korea’s largest car manufacturer Hyundai Motor Group. Lian played a pivotal role as the Blockchain Advisor for Asian Productivity Organisation (APO), an intergovernmental organization committed to improving productivity in the Asia-Pacific region.

An avid supporter of incubating start-ups, Anndy has also been a private investor for the past eight years. With a growth investment mindset, Anndy strategically demonstrates this in the companies he chooses to be involved with. He believes that what he is doing through blockchain technology currently will revolutionise and redefine traditional businesses. He also believes that the blockchain industry has to be “redecentralised”.

j j j